Women and Quebec sovereignty: The missing half of the Yes vote

Women and Quebec Sovereignty: The Missing Half of the Yes Vote

In 1995, the Yes camp lost the Quebec referendum by a mere 54,000 votes. Had women voted like men, Yes would have won.

Thirty years after the 1995 referendum, the gap between men and women on the issue of sovereignty remains. Why are women hesitant to say yes?

“It’s true that we were defeated, but by what? By money and ethnic votes.”

According to the Quebec premier, immigrant votes and the considerable sums invested by the federal government were responsible for defeating the Yes side, which French-speaking Quebecers had supported by more than 60 per cent.

The reality was in fact not so cut and dried. First, in 1995, no one expected the ethnic vote to be pro-sovereignty. The surprise came instead from predominantly French-speaking regions—Beauce and Quebec City, notably, where only 44 per cent and 54 per cent voted in favour.

Author's summary: Women's votes were crucial in the 1995 Quebec referendum.

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Policy Options Policy Options — 2025-10-27

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