ASEAN has demonstrated its commitment to multilateral solutions and an open, rules-based order in the face of rising protectionism.
Malaysia and ASEAN's leadership in responding to the threat of global economic disorder has been notable, particularly with the convening of a Leaders' Meeting for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on 27 October 2025.
However, there are risks, such as the Agreement on Reciprocal Tariffs, which US President Donald Trump has pressured Malaysia to sign, undermining cooperation and the most favoured nation treatment that is the foundation of ASEAN and the rules-based economic order.
Trump's 2 April 2025 'Liberation Day' tariffs disproportionately punish ASEAN members and cast a dark shadow on the global economy.
ASEAN's ability to lead a coalition of the willing to resist protectionist retaliation is a significant challenge, but few countries are capable of doing so.
Author's summary: ASEAN leads the response to global economic disorder, but faces risks from protectionism.