The origin of the "London Underground Mosquito" lies in the ancient Middle East, as revealed in a study published in the journal Science.
For decades, the story of the "tube mosquito" has circulated: a mosquito that appeared during World War II in the tunnels of the London Underground, where people slept on platforms to shelter from air raids and were bitten.
Scientists long assumed a new mosquito had adapted to life below ground within just a few generations. However, the new study shows that evolution works on a much longer timescale.
The mosquito form Culex pipiens molestus thrives in warm, humid, often subterranean habitats in urban environments. It:
Females can produce their first batch of eggs without a blood meal, a rare ability called autogeny. However, they still need blood to produce additional clutches, and the biting instinct remains.
The mosquito's ability to adapt to life below ground is a result of a longer evolutionary process, rather than a rapid adaptation to the London Underground environment.
Author's summary: Ancient mosquito species originated in the Middle East.